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OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 



J. J. MOORMAN, M. D., 

Hesident Physician at the White Sulphur Springs, Va. ; Author of the " Virginia 
Springs, and the Springs of the South and West," etc., etc. 



Observations at the Ohio White Sulphur, 



I N 185S 



By W. W. DAWSOJN^, M. D., 

Formerly Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Cincinnati College of 
Medicine and Surgery, 



CINCINNATI: 

MOORE, WILSTACH, KEYS & CO., Printers, 
25 West Fourth Street. 

1859. 




LITH.8Y MIDOLETON, STROBRIOGE S. 80 CIN 



XIII3II T7Ii:iT"ii :£JIfLLlPiiXrji jSI-JOnSi! 



mk mink m^hix ^\mnp, 

SITUATED ON THE SCIOTO RIVER, EIGHTEEN MILES NORTH 

OF COLUMBUS, TEN MILES FROM DELAWARE, AND 

FIVE MILES PROM WHITE SULPHUR STATION, 

ON THE SPRINGFIELD, MT. VERNON 

AND PITTSBURGH RAILROAD. 



The OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS will be 
opened for visitors on the 1st of June, and will be closed 
about the 1st of October. 

The great want of a first-class Watering-Place in the West 
has induced the Proprietor to spare no exertion or expense 
calculated to make these Springs worthy of the most entire 
confidence, and he feels that, as a delightful retreat during 
the summer months, they have now few rivals in the 
country ; but, as of most importance, it is to the Medicinal 
qualities of these Watei^s, as given in the papers of Drs. Moor- 
man and Dawson, that he would particularly direct the 
attention of all — more especially that of invalids. 

jg^^-For "Railroad Relations of the Springs," and "Im- 
provements of 1859," see Appendix. 



THE 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 



Near the geographical center of Ohio, in 
the county of Delaware, and immediately on the 
western bank of the Scioto river, surrounded by 
a country broken, hilly, and beautifully pic- 
turesque, arises the Ohio White Sulphur. 

The Scioto is here a rippling, rapid stream, 
hastily flowing and fretting over beds of boulder 
rocks, and skirted, for many miles above and 
below the Springs, by slopes or banks of consider- 
able elevation, which gently spread out into 
undulatory table lands, charmingly interspersed 
with valley and hill, and blessed with an atmos- 
phere free from malarious influences, at every 
season of the year — and as salubrious as is found 
in our high mountain ranges. 

Under the name of Hart's Springs^ this place 
has been known for its mineral waters for more 
than twenty years. The circumstance which led 



6 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

to its improvement as a Spring-property, by Mr. 
Hart, its former proprietor, is worthy of note. 
He had visited the White Sulphur Springs in 
Virginia, for the relief of a complicated stomach 
and liver complaint ; returning to Ohio, cured of 
his disease, his attention was called to this Arte- 
sian Sulphur fountain, and upon examination, he 
found its waters so strikingly to resemble those of 
the Virginia spring as to induce him to purchase 
and improve it in view of its medicinal value. 

The property has recently been purchased by 
Mr. A. WiLsox, of Cincinnati, whose energy, 
good taste, and ample means, are being actively 
exercised in enlarging its accommodations, and 
still further beautifying the place, already by the 
beauties of nature surprisingly beautiful. 

The buildings, for visitors, are pleasantly situ- 
ated on a beautifully undulating plateau, at an 
elevation perhaps of one hundred and twenty 
feet above the level of the river, and about eight 
hundred feet distant from it. With those now 
in progress to completion, the accommodation 
will be ample and comfortable, for six hundred 
persons. The drawing of the grounds, including 
the various improvements on the Spring Lawn, 
that accompanies this article, renders a particu- 
lar description of them unnecessary. 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 7 

The good taste and liberality of the proprietor 
of this property seem to be untiring in suggest- 
ing and carrying forward new means of comfort 
and amusement for his visitors, as well as for the 
more beneficial use of the waters. To these ends 
a charming wood-lawn, of a hundred acres, ad- 
joining the Spring-lawn, has been laid off in 
walks and carriage-drives ; and extensive Bathing- 
houses have been erected, furnishing not only 
warm and hot tub-baths, but also with arrange- 
ments for employing douche and sweat baths: 
these can not fail from the high mineral impreg- 
nation of the water, to prove eminently valuable 
in a great variety of cases. 

The construction of douche and sweating baths 
of sulphur water, to be employed under proper 
circumstances, in connection with the internal 
use of the water, is a matter of the utmost import- 
ance to the successful treatment of numerous 
cases that resort to mineral springs. 

The water for bathing, is here heated by steam^ 
in the tub in which it is used. This is a vast 
improvement over the old method of heating- 
mineral waters for bathing. Under the old plan 
of heating in a boiler, and thence conveying the 
water to the bathing-tub, much of its valuable 
saline matter was precipitated and lost. By this 



8 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

improved method of applying steam to the water 
in the tub, the heat is never so great in raising 
the water to the bathing point, as to cause any im- 
portant precipitation of its salts — hence they are 
left in their natural suspension in the water, to 
exert their specific effect upon the bather. Not 
only so, by this improved method, hot steam 
may be let into the tub, from time to time, as 
the water cools, so as to keep it essentially of 
the same temperature during the entire process 
of bathing — a consideration often of no small 
importance. This method of heating mineral 
waters, in the tub in which they are used, in con- 
nection with douche and sweating baths, brings 
warm and hot bathing at this place in fair com- 
petition with bathing at naturally warm and hot 
springs, and will be productive of the same good 
effects that are experienced from bathing in 
such springs. 

The Ohio White Sulphur fountain is a curi- 
osity in hydraulics. Its waters arise in a boring 
made through solid rock, that underlies the bed 
of the river, and are thrown up by subterra- 
nean power, one hundred and sixty feet, to the 
surface of the earth, where a pipe is attached to 
the mouth of the boring or well, along which, by 
means of the same subterranean power, they are 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 9 

propelled a distance of more than three hundred 
feet, and to an elevation of some sixty feet above 
the level of the river. Here they flow into a 
beautiful marble reservoir — the fountain from 
which the water is received for drinking. From 
the base of this reservoir, the water is conducted 
under ground to the Bath-rooms, and from thence 
to form a beautiful ^e^ d'eau in its exit to the 
river, into which it falls when released from its 
utilitarian purposes. 

A hydrodynamic problem here very naturally 
arises in the inquisitive mind. By what power 
is this volume of water made to rise more than 
two hundred feet perpendicularly, above its 
source in the bowels of the earth ? 

Writers on physics assert, that there are but 
two known forces that account for such phenom- 
ena : first, a gaseous force ; and it is alleged that 
when water is propelled by such a force, it always 
flows more or less per saltum, and not in a con- 
stant, regular stream : second, on the well-known 
force or principle, by which water finds its own 
level. Now, this water does not come up per 
saltum, in any degree, but in a continuous, bold, 
dashing current. When we look around in 
search of a probable elevation from which it 
might come, we find it not in the State of Ohio, 



10 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPKINGS. 

nor in man}^ hundreds of miles in any direction, 
except in the great Appalachian chain of Vir- 
ginia or Penns^^lvania — and the nearest of these 
perhaps two hundred miles distant. Do these 
sulphur waters, as such, come from the great 
Alleghany supplies that are known to exist, and 
are so frequently found issuing from the base of 
that range of mountains in Virginia ; or do they 
receive their mineral impregnations near the 
place where they arise, and is there some force 
not yet understood, by which water may be pro- 
pelled to great hights above its natural source ? 
Interesting as this question may be, we must 
leave its ultimate decision to those more deeply 
versed in the arcana of nature than ourselves. 

This fountain, as valuable as a medicinal agent 
as it is curious in physics, was first discovered 
about thirty-four years ago. A gentleman by 
the name of Bachus, was boring at this place for 
salt water, and after penetrating the solid rock 
to the depth of one hundred and sixty feet, his 
auger suddenly sunk two feet, and the sulphur 
water gushed out. Not then appreciating the 
value of this discovery, he continued his boring 
— still through solid rock — to the further depth 
of three hundred and thirty feet, where he 
reached salt water, but not of sufiicient strength 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 11 

to justify its evaporation into salt, as a business. 
Subsequently the lower boring was plugged, and 
the sulphur water alone permitted to flow up. 

The hole along which the water rises is seven 
and a half inches in circumference, up which it 
rushes with tremendous force, at the rate of one 
hundred and twenty gallons a minute, or seven 
thousand two hundred gallons per hour. 

To convey some idea of the volume of this 
subterranean current of sulphur water, and the 
rapidity with which it is forced along its channel, 
we are told, that an attempt was made to intro- 
duce a copper tube from the surface to the bot- 
tom of the well, and that very soon that portion 
of the tube that entered the current, became bent 
and flattened by its force. 

Although these springs have but for a few 
years attracted much of public attention, enough 
is satisfactorily known of them to enable us to 
welcome them to a prominent position among 
the watering-places of the country. 

Their geographical position — being central in 
the great and flourishing State in which they are 
situated, and essentially so as between the popu- 
lation of the South-west, and the watering-places 
of the Middle and Northern States — the ready 
facility by which they are approached by Ptail- 



12 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

road, from every direction, and above all, the 
medicinal value of their waters point them out as 
a place of very large valetudinary and fashion- 
able resort by the people of America. So 
fortunately are they located in reference to 
accessibility, that visitors from JNTorth, South, 
East, or West, can approach within five miles 
of them on unbroken chains of Railroad. 

The elevated and healthful country in which 
they are situated, with the established fact of its 
entire freedom from malarious influences, at all 
seasons of the year, give to persons who are 
seeking a healthful climate for a summer retreat 
a reliable assurance of finding such at this place. 

The waters of this sulphur fountain have been 
analyzed by Professor E. S. Wayne, of Cincin- 
nati, who shows that their gaseous contents con- 
sist of 

Sulphureted Hydrogen, Carbonic Acid. 

Their solid contents of 

Sulphate of Lime, Carbonate of Lime, 

Sulphate of Magnesia, Oxide of Iron, 

Chloride of Calcium, Sulphate of Calcium, 

Chloride of Sodium, Iodine, 

Chloride of Magnesium, Organic Matter. 

Their temperature, winter and summer, is uni- 
formly 52° Fahrenheit. 

This analysis shows that the water holds in 
solution many of the best ingredients found in 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, 13 

the most celebrated waters of Europe and Amer- 
ica, and indicates its adaj^tation to a large circle 
of chronic diseases to which humanity is subject. 

Whilst this water strikingly resembles the 
Virginia White Sulphur in several respects, it 
is still more like the waters of Avon and Sharon, 
in New York, than any other with which I am 
familiar. The two latter waters differ some- 
what from each other, and so will this be found 
to differ from both ; nevertheless the likeness is 
not inapt between them in many essential par- 
ticulars. 

The author visited, and spent some time at 
these springs in 1857, and again in 1858, with 
the view of examining the waters, and ascertain- 
ing by scientific research, and practical observa- 
tion, their peculiar characteristics and medical 
adaptations. The field of observation, while at 
the springs, was too limited to mature conclusions 
as definite and positive, in reference to the spe- 
cific character of the waters, as was desirable; 
but in all cases in which I witnessed their use, 
the effects were highly satisfactory; and many 
intelligent persons, among them medical men of 
high reputation, who had used the waters, assured 
me of their beneficial effects. -But want of obser- 
vation upon my part has been fully supplied by 



14 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

Dr. W. W. Dawson, of Cincinnati, a gentleman 
of science and learning in his profession, who 
spent the entire summer of 1858 at the springs. 
In his '■'' Ohservations at the Ohio White Sidphir 
Springs^''* (published entire in this pamphlet), 
he gives a clear and satisfactory account of the 
curative powers of the waters in Dyspepsia, and 
the various depravities of the stomach; in dis- 
eases of the Liver, and in various chronic affec- 
tions of the bowels and kidneys. 

Dr. Dawson rej^orts a very interesting case of 
Chronic Pericarditis, that was entirely cured by 
the water. 

He recommends its use in congestion of the 
lungs and tracheal tubes. In a case of Chlorosis, 
that came under his observation, it was signally 
successful ; and decided benefit was derived from 
its employment in cases of Dropsical effusions. 

Dr. D. informs us, he had but little opportu- 
nity of seeing the waters tested in Rheumatism, 
or in severe affections of the skin; but from my 
observations of the value of similar waters in 
those diseases, I should have great confidence in 
their use in such cases; especially when their 
internal use is connected with the warm or hot 
sulphur baths. I would make the same remark 

* See Lancet and Observer, Cincinnati, 0,, for February, 1869. 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 15 

in reference to mercurial disease, commonly so 
called, or secondary lues, often habitues of mineral 
fountains: in such cases we may look to the 
free internal use of the water, with hot sulphur 
bathing, with much hope. 

Dr. Dawson, in his "Observations at the 
Springs," has given all the essential direc- 
tions necessary for the government of invalids in 
the use of the waters. And as a somewhat long 
experience in the administration of similar wat- 
ers enables me to recognize the vast importance 
to the invalid of attending to such directions, I 
shall be excused, I hope, for urging their observ- 
ance upon all who seek to derive the sanative 
effects of the Ohio White Sulphur. Especially 
do I commend to all invalid visitors, the very 
judicious "suggestions" of Dr. Dawson, as to 
"^/^e best manner of using the water, ^^ the " time for 
drinking, ^^ and ^^the guantity to be drank P 



CHALYBEATE SPRINGS. 

In addition to the Sulphur Artesian fountain 
of which we have been treating, there are in close 
proximity to it, and within the Spring Lawn, 
three other mineral springs deserving of notice. 
They are all impregnated with iron — two of them 



16 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

strongly so. They are known as the Chalybeate, 
the Magnesian, and the Saline Chalyheate Springs. 

It will be seen, by comparing the analyses of 
the three last-named springs, that their qualita- 
tive character, in some respects, is essentially 
the same ; the principal difference between them 
being a larger amount of Sulphate of Magnesia, 
with a smaller amount of Iron in the Magnesian 
spring, which renders it more purgative, but less 
tonic than the other two. 

Dr. Dawson having noticed these springs in 
his "Observations," and given the analysis of 
each, I shall only briefly refer to their thera- 
peutic character as ferruginous waters, offer a 
few suggestions as to their applicability as reme- 
dies, with some directions designed to guide the 
invalid in their proper administration. I do this 
with the hope that my suggestions may be useful 
to those who may not have it in their power to 
avail themselves of personal medical advice, 
before entering upon the use of the waters. 

The action of chalybeate waters, as is generally 
known, is tonic, and where there is not an excited, 
or phlogozed state of the vessels, or a congested 
condition of the organs that contra-indicate their 
use, they constitute the most efficient and relia- 
ble remedy of the tonic class. While they act 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 17 

primarily upon the stomach, all the other organs 
and tissues speedily participate in their effects. 
Their action upon the absorbents and the great 
capillary system is distinctly marked by the 
increase of their tone, and consequently an in- 
creased force and vigor in the performance of 
their functions. Hence, in cases of simple atony, 
or debility, unaccompanied with fever, inflam- 
mation, or visceral engorgement, they are found 
to be certainly and speedily beneficial. 

When the system has been exhausted by prior 
violent disease, that has left no point of irritation 
that would be readily excited by rapid repletion, 
or the direct stimulation of remedies, chalybeate 
waters are found to have a very happy effect. 

In the second stages of Scrofula, in Dropsical 
effusions, and in Chronic Intermittenfs, they are 
often employed with good success. 

In cases of paucity, or poverty of blood, con- 
nected as such cases generally are, with languor, 
cool skin, and a moist and pale tongue, with fee- 
bleness of pulse, chalybeate waters exert the 
most admirable effects. 

Slowness and feebleness, in functional secre- 
tions, as well as imperfect sympathetic action 
between the organs, are readily removed by this 

remedy ; while on the other hand, excessive func- 
o 



18 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

tional action, if attended with inflammation or 
irritation, will be aggravated by its use. Conse- 
quently, when such waters are prescribed to 
relieve slow, or imperfect digestion, it should be 
done under the conviction that the impaired 
function is not dependent upon irritation of the 
stomach, bowels, or kidneys. The same remark 
applies to impaired functions of the womb, or 
any other part of the organism. 

Chalybeate waters are found beneficial in the 
sequelce of long-continued and exhausting dis- 
charges, whether of a sanguineous, mucous, or 
serous character ; provided there be no phlogozed 
condition of the system, nor seat of irritation that 
might be aggravated by their stimulant effects. 
These remarks are equally applicable, whether 
the discharges have been from the course of the 
alimentary canal, the bladder, or the womb. 

For Fluor Alkis, and for chronic discharges 
from the urethra, they are found very ser- 
viceable. 

In Amenorrhoea, and its general attendant 
sterility, chalybeate waters have always borne a 
high and deserved celebrity ; indeed, if they had 
no other claim to public favor, than their admit- 
ted efficacy in such cases, they would still occupy 
a high place among the most valued remedies. 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, 19 

In addition to the use of chalybeate waters as 
an independent remedy, I have from long expe- 
rience at the Virginia White Sulphur, where 
there is a chalybeate spring, found great advant- 
age in many cases, from the occasional use of it 
in connection with the regular use of the sulphur 
water — and the same practice can be pursued 
at the Ohio White Sulphur, with equal advant- 
age. Indeed, in many cases the use of a chaly- 
beate to follow the alterative effects of sulphur 
water, is absolutely necessary to perfect a cure. 

This is particularly true of Neuralgia, Gastral- 
gia, and of that peculiar nervous and debilitated 
state of the system, which results as a conse- 
quence of excessive, or improper indulgences. 

METHOD OF ADMINISTKATION, Etc. 

With regard to the method of administering 
chalybeate waters, — they are advantageously 
taken in doses of from four to six tumblerfuls 
in the course of the day. Half the quantity used 
in the twenty-four hours, should be taken in the 
morning, before breakfast ; the remainder on an 
empty stomach, before dinner and tea. Their 
good effects ought soon to be perceived, in an 
improved appetite, and by augmented energy 
and strength. 



20 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

Occasionally, such waters are found to oppress 
the stomach, cause pain in the epigastrium, 
nausea, colic, with redness of the tongue, heat of 
the skin, and sometimes diarrhoea. If such 
symptoms occur, the water should be discontin- 
ued, temporarily or permanently, agreeably to 
the force of the symptoms. 

Persons who have an irritable stomach, and 
especially such as are suffering from a thickening 
of the coats of the stomach, can not use such 
waters to advantage. 

To be most efficacious, these waters should be 
used fresh at the spring, as by transportation, 
even for short distances, they deposit a portion 
of their salts, and lose that freshness which is 
essential to their comfortable toleration by the 
stomach, if not to their medicinal efficacy. 



OBSERVATIONS 

AT THE 

OHIO WHITE SULPHUfi SPRINGS, 

BY 

W. W. DAWSON", M. D., Cincinnati * 



The medical men of Ohio liave long felt the 
need of mineral springs near home ; of some con- 
venient and meritorious place to which they 
could send patients of a certain class ; some place 
combining a healthy location, agreeable scenery, 
suitable provisions both for comfort and recrea- 
tion, with mineral waters of undoubted virtue. 
Attention has often been called, by members of 
our profession to the subject, — to the propriety 
of investigating the mineral springs within our 
own State ; but as no provisions, legal or other- 
wise, have ever been made for analyzing them^ 
or testing their curative powers, they have been 
allowed to rest in obscurity, and physicians who 
have had patients that they were well satisfied 

* See Cincinnati Lancet and Observer, for February, 1859. 



22 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

would be most benefited by the use of certain 
kinds of medicated waters, have been compelled 
to advise these patients to remain at home, and 
do without the remedy, rather than undergo the 
fatigue consequent upon a journey to some dis- 
tant watering-place. Conscious of this great 
want, the Ohio State Medical Society, during its 
session at Columbus in 1856, appointed a com- 
mittee, of which Dr. Wm. Trevitt was chairman, 
to "report upon the mineral waters of the State." 
In a report which Dr. Trevitt made to the so- 
ciety at its next session, the following judicious 
and suggestive remarks are found: "From the 
earliest history of civilization, whether under 
Christian or heathen dispensation, and long be- 
fore the light of chemical science had dawned 
upon the world, medical sj^rings were known, 
appreciated, and thronged by thousands of anx- 
ious invalids, in pursuit of health by imbibing 
their healing waters, and laving in their luxuri- 
ous baths, as well as by votaries of pleasure, who, 
in the enjoyment of their own smiles reflected 
from the placid waters, found the fountain of 
happiness vainly sought by ancient philosophy, 
or modern conventional forms of fashionable so- 
ciety. A long list of names of the most distin- 
guished ancients, graced by those of Hippocrates 



OHIO WHITE BULPHUR SPRINGS. 23 

and Galen, bear testimony to their efficacy ; and 
Celsus, in his eight books on medicine, assigned 
to kind Nature's pharmacy a high position in the 
healing art. Our transatlantic brethren, more 
particularly those of France and Germany, have 
directed their attention very largely to this im- 
portant subject, the waters of their mineral 
springs having been analyzed with great care 
and accuracy ; and those deemed efficacious, are 
thronged with visitors in pursuit of health, un- 
der the guidance of the most eminent medical 
advisers ; many of these springs enjoying a 
world-wide reputation in the treatment of 
disease." 

Of the bequests made to us here in the West 
of these health-giving fountains, by the great 
Father of all, the report says : " There can be no 
reason to doubt but Nature has been as liberal in 
the dispensation of her pharmaceutical and me- 
dicinal agents, ready prepared from the mineral 
kingdom, in this country, and adapted to the 
treatment of disease in its protean forms, as she 
has been lavish of her favors in other depart- 
ments of life ; and yet, with the exception of a 
few of the States, the analysis of these waters 
has been comparatively neglected, or but care- 
lessly performed." 



24 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

Notwithstanding this inexcusable indifference, 
some of our States have demonstrated the fact, 
that they possess within their borders, springs of 
marked medicinal qualities, and equal, perhaps, 
to those found in any part of Europe. The expe- 
rience of the last few years, but more especially 
the observations of the past season, show conclu- 
sively that in this respect Ohio is not deficient ; 
that the " Ohio White Sulphur Springs " are 
entitled to a high position among first-class min- 
eral waters. The remedial virtues of these 
waters have long been known by those residing 
in their immediate vicinity; but, through the 
liberality of the present proprietor, Andrew 
Wilson, Esq., they have, within the past year, 
been analyzed and brought into general notice. 

Having spent some three months of the sum- 
mer at these springs, and having had somewhat 
liberal opportunities for studying the effect of 
their waters upon various forms of disease, as 
quite a considerable proportion of the large num- 
ber who resorted to them, during that period, 
were health-seeking invalids, we have concluded 
that it would be but a just tribute to the merits 
of the place, and at the same time serviceable to 
the public, to lay the result of our observations 
before the profession. These observations fully 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 25 

indorse the high estimate which learned men, in 
all ages, have placed upon these "fountains of 
health." In Europe, as before suggested, phy- 
sicians of decided ability, are located at the spas, 
whose duty it is to apply the waters to disease, 
watch their influence, analyze their virtues, and 
determine carefully their value as medicinal 
agents, — thus obtaining much reliable and valu- 
able information. But in this country such 
judiciousness has not been observed, except in 
comparatively few instances. 

As the principal of these exceptions, however, 
the White Sulphur Springs of Virginia may be 
mentioned. For more than twenty years. Dr. 
J. J. Moorman, a learned man in his profession, 
has been administering this water in disease, and 
carefully observing and recording its effects. 
These observations this gentleman has published 
in a volume of some three hundred pages, — a 
work which may be read with very great advant- 
age by both the professional and the non-profes- 
sional reader. It is an agreeable book, written 
in a pleasing and unpretending style; but its 
chief merit is, that it abounds in well digested 
facts, making an important contribution to our, 
in this respect, deficient literature. 
3 



26 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

NUMBEK OF SPEIXGS. 

Upon the estate there are five springs, four of 
which have decided medicinal properties ; the 
fifth is remarkable for the j)urity of its waters. 
They, from their chemical characteristics, have 
been named respectively, The White Sidplmr 
S])ring, The Chalyheate Spring, The Magnesian 
Spring, The Saline Chalyheaie Sjmng, and The Pure 
Water Spring. 

These springs have been analyzed, during the 
past summer, by Prof. E. 8. Wayne, the result 
of which will be seen as we progress. 

GEOLOGICAL POSITION, LOOATIOX, ETC'., OF THE- SPRINGS. 

The springs are situated upon the west bank of 
the Scioto, near the southern border of Delaware 
county. The Scioto here presents features so en- 
tirely different from those characterizing it in its 
course from Columbus to the Ohio river, that it 
would be hardly recognized as the same stream. 
For some distance above and below the springs 
its current is rapid, its banks being blutf and 
rocky; having, in making its way from the higher 
lands farther nortlij cut its channel through a 
heavy limestone, fragments of which are every 
where strewn along its bed. 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 27 

The country surrounding the springs is situa- 
ted upon the southern slope of Ohio, some dist- 
ance from the summit leveL 

The springs are nearly six hundred feet above 
the Ohio river at Cincinnati, and about one 
thousand feet higher than the ocean. This ele- 
vation, taken in connection with the fact that the 
rock is every where either at or near the surface, 
and that the land is beautifully undulated, ren- 
ders the locality as free from malarious influence 
as a mountain region. 

Geological Position. — The Scioto, as we have 
before said, here cuts its w^ay through what is 
known as cliff limestone — so called from its 
heavy, massive structure. This formation is 
present at Dayton, Eaton, Springfield, Hillsboro' 
and Columbus. It appears above the blue lime- 
stone, half way between Cincinnati and the 
springs, and continues at the surface until it is 
lost beneath the shales and sandstones some dis- 
tance farther east and north-east. The cliff 
limestone, from which these waters issue, is below 
and hence it is geologically older than the coal 
series. Although solid, and non-porous in its 
organization generally, it here abounds in large 
cavities, as is shown by the existence in the vicin- 
ity of numerous conical depressions, known 



28 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

usually as "sink holes," which receive and carry 
off large quantities of water. Through one of 
these cavities, at the depth of one hundred and 
sixty feet, flows the remarkable stream of sulphur 
water from which the principal spring is sup- 
plied. When, some thirty years ago, an indi- 
vidual, who was boring for salt, struck this vein, 
the water at once arose to the surface, and has 
ever since flowed with unabated force : the 
changes of seasons, or of temperature producing 
no effect whatever, either upon the quantity of 
water, or the force with which it is ejected. It 
is now, by its own momentum, thrown up the 
hill about one hundred yards, to a. beautiful mar- 
ble receiver. 

It is a curious, and at the same time an ex- 
tremely interesting fact, that in geological posi- 
tion the Ohio White Sulphur Springs correspond 
with some of the most celebrated mineral springs 
in the world. As an instance of this suggestive 
correspondence, we may refer to the celebrated 
White Sulphur Springs in Virginia. These, like 
the Ohio White Sulphur, issue from the great 
Devonian formation, the situation of which is 
immediately below the coal-bearing series. This 
interesting correspondence in position, and in the 
character of the strata? from which these waters 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 29 

are given, was noticed by Dr. S. P. Hildreth, in 
1837, when that gentleman was connected with 
the geological survey of this State. In that part 
of his report made to the legislature, which he 
devotes to the " Ohio Salines," in referring to 
those found in Delaware county, he says : " These 
springs appear to rise in a similar formation to 
those of Greenbrier valley, in Virginia : viz., a 
carboniferous limestone. There, several weak 
muriate of soda springs are found by boring ; but 
these deposits are more celebrated for their 
sulphur springs, than for those of salt water." 

The cliif limestone, so rich in all its resources 
as to give these five sparkling streams, all differ- 
ing essentially, here rests upon the first of the 
fossiliferous rocks — the superior layers of the 
great Silurian system, which, under the name of 
Blue Limestone, is found underlying all other 
formations, from the Gulf of Mexico to Lake 
Erie, being continuous and characteristic through- 
out the entire extent. 

THE WHITE SULPHUR SPRING. 

Of the five springs the White Sulphur may be 
ranked of first importance, from its adaptation 
to a wider range of disease. - 

Temperature, 52° Fahrenheit. 



30 OHIO WHITE 8ULPHUK SPRIiSGS. 

Prof. E. S. Wayne found the following sub- 
stances present in the water : 

t Sulphureted Hydrogen, 
'' \ Carbonic acid. 

Chloride of magnesium. Oxide of iron. 

Chloride of sodium. Carbonate of lime. 

Chloride of calcium. Sulphuret of calcium. 

Sulphate of magnesia. Iodine. 

Sulphate of lime. Traces of organic matter. 

This, like most mineral waters, is essentially 
alterative in its action ; but it diifers widely in 
its mode of operating with the ordinar}^ drugs of 
that class. With the salts which it contains held 
in a state of high dilution, it enters the system, 
and, coming into contact with the sentient 
mouths of the absorbents, is carried to the blood- 
vessels, and then by means of the circulation to 
every tissue of the body. Upon this subject Prof. 
John Bell, in his work on " Mineral Springs," 
says : "In reference to the secondary and remote, 
and avowedly salutary effects of mineral waters, 
when we reflect on the large mucous surface of 
the entire digestive canal, to every portion of 
which they are applied, and by wdiich they are 
freely absorbed, thus • reaching all the tissues of 
the animal frame, and bearing in mind, also, the 
number and variety of the ingredients which 
enter into their composition, we are prepared to 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 31 

echo the language of a French writer* on the 
subject, when he says : ' In general, mineral 
waters revive the languishing circulation, give a 
new direction to the vital energies, re-establish 
the perspiratory action of the skin, bring back to 
their physiological type the vitiated or suppressed 
secretions, provoke salutary evacuations, either 
by urine or stool, or by transpiration : they bring- 
about an intimate transmutation, a profound 
change in the organism ; they saturate the sick 
body, to make use of the energetic expression of 
a modern author. How many persons, aban- 
doned by their physicians, have found health at 
mineral springs ! How many individuals, ex- 
hausted by violent disease, have recovered, by a 
journey to mineral springs, their tone, ready 
movements and energy, to restore which attempts 
in other ways might have been made with less 
certainty of success.' " Dr. G-airdner, in dis- 
cussing the modus oj^erandi of mineral waters, 
says: "The simple circumstance of dilution will 
certainly facilitate the operation of matters 
which might otherwise pass little changed 
through the alimentary canal ; and from the 
extremely minute state of division in which the 
active particles are presented to the sentient 

* Pateissier, Sur les Eaux Minerales. 



32 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 



mouths of the capillary absorbents, it is more 
than probable that they are directly absorbed 
into the circiilatinQ^ mass." 

Regarding this water, then, as decidedly alter- 
ative, the range of diseases in which it is appli- 
cable will be apparent: such, for instance, as 
chronic affections of the stomach, liver, kidneys, 
bowels, skin, etc. Upon the functions of these 
important organs it exerts a marked influence — 
stimulating those which are inactive, and restor- 
ing a healthy secretion in such as have departed 
from a normal condition. 

DISEASES TEEATED BY THE WHITE SULPHUE WATEB. 

We trust that a fi^ank history of our experi- 
ence in the application of this remedy to disease 
may tend to direct the attention of our profession 
to the investigations of the mineral waters of the 
West. As before said, the medical men of Eu- 
rope, and in some localities of the eastern por- 
tion of our own country, have studied these 
agents with great care : they look upon them as 
important adjuvants to the resources of our art, 
and are using them. with decided advantage in 
the treatment of many of the ills to which 
humanity is subject. 

Diseases of the Stomach. — These disorders are 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 33 

numerous, and many of them of a grave 
character, giving the physician in their treat- 
ment much trouble and anxiety; and often, 
while they do not immediately jeopardize life, 
yet comj)letely baffle all his efforts for a rad- 
ical and permanent cure. 

DysiMpsia. — At the head of these gastric dis- 
orders stands dyspepsia, with all its protean 
forms and varied complications. As persons 
laboring under this affection are always among 
the hahitues of watering places, several well 
marked cases came under our control, and were 
treated by this water alone, and with a success, 
too, which warrants high hopes of its capabilities 
in disorders of the stomach generally. One of 
the first indications of a salutary change in these 
cases was the removal of the constipation, so 
often a concomitant, if not the cause, of dyspep- 
sia, and which under ordinary circumstances it 
is so difficult to reach successfully with drugs. 
Following this was a gradual restoration of the 
healthy functions of the stomach ; the cardialgia, 
flatulence, acidity, uneasiness and pain after eat- 
ing, disappeared, one by one, and the appetite 
finally became normal. A very severe case 
of dyspepsia, complicated with serious derange- 
ment of the nervous system, was presented for 



34 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

treatment ; it was of long standing, and had been 
subjected to various modes of medication without 
benefit. This case, as will appear, shows the 
absolute necessity of using the water judiciously, 
in reference to the time of drinking it, the qucmtity 
to he drank, and the length of time it should be con- 
tinued. The gentleman affected, for some weeks 
after his arrival, consumed the water in large 
quantities, and at irregular periods — at morning, 
noon, night, and at the intermediate hours. For 
the first week he had felt better ; his liver being- 
aroused, his bowels freely moved, his kidneys 
stimulated to increased action. But by this over 
indulgence he had brought on a disturbance, 
such as might be expected to follow the excessive 
use of remedies of this class. He Wcxs advised to 
discontinue the water for a few days, and, on 
resuming it, to drink but some four or five 
glasses before breakfast, allowing himself a half- 
hour's gentle exercise, such as walking, between 
each draught. Under this course his improve- 
ment was rapid, giving him every earnest of a 
permanent cure. But before the remedy had 
had time to produce its entire effect, matters of 
business called him imperatively home. This 
was a matter to be regretted, for his condition 
was one well calculated to try the real powers of 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 35 

the water, not only upon the stomach, but in 
giving tone to a broken-clown nervous system. 

Inaction of the Stomach. — There are many cases 
of disorder of the stomach where, without posi- 
tive, or at least apparent disease, there is, if we 
may be allowed the expression, a mere indispo- 
sition to digestion, a want of power, to some 
extent, in the stomach to perform its func- 
tions. The food, after eating, does not become 
acid, but remains in the stomach for a time 
unchanged, producing a sensation of uneasiness, 
rather than pain : if eructation occurs, the food 
tastes as sweet as it did before it was swallowed. 
Associated with these symptoms is generally 
found an indiiferent appetite. In this condition, 
the water had a most gratifying effect ; under its 
influence the appetite in a few days became regu- 
lated, and the stomach was aroused from its 
passive state to one of normal activity. 

Acidity of the Stomach. — Among gastric lesions, 
not amounting to gastritis, or well marked dys- 
pepsia, we often find persistent acidity of the 
stomach. This acidity does not follow every 
meal, — sometimes it is felt but once during the 
day, and again it may not occur more than three 
or four times through the week. As a general 
thing, this condition is the forerunner of more 



3t) OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

serious disturbance ; but in one case which came 
under my observation during the season, it had 
continued for some eight or ten years. The 
person in whom it occurred remained at 
the springs until it had entirely disappeared. 
We saw him also in December, and up to that 
time he had had no symptom of its return. 

The foregoing will be sufficient to indicate to 
the profession the applicability of this water to 
many of the more grave disorders to which the 
stomach is subject. 

Diseases of the Liver. — Decidedly marked, also, 
is the influence of this water in diseases of this 
organ ; and, indeed, as heretofore suggested, in 
many of the affections of the chylopoietic viscera. 
Prominent among them, in consequence of its 
size, importance of function, and its singular li- 
ability to disease, stands the liver. In some of 
the lesions of this gland sulphur water has long- 
been held in deservedly high estimation. The 
following remarks on the action of the White 
Sulphur Water of Virginia, by Dr. Moor- 
man, agrees well with our observation in the use 
of this : " The modus operandi of sulphur water 
upon this viscus is dissimilar, we conceive, from 
that of mercury, yet the effects of the two agents 
are strikingly analogous. The potent and con- 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 37 

trolling influences of the water over the secre- 
tory functions of the liver must be regarded as a 
specific quality of the agent, and as constituting 
an important therapeutical feature in the value 
of the article for diseases of this organ. Its in- 
fluence u]3on this gland is gradually but surely 
to unload it when engorged, and to stimulate it 
to a healthy exercise of its function when torpid. 
The control which it may be made to exercise 
over the liver in correcting and restoring its ener- 
gies is often as astonishing as it is gratifying, es- 
tablishing a copious flow of healthy bile, a conse- 
quent activity of the bowels, imparting vigor to 
the whole digestive and assimilative functions, 
and consequently energy and strength to the 
body, and life and elasticity to the spirit." 

Subjected to treatment were cases of chronic 
inflammation of the liver, of inaction, of engorge- 
ment, and of congestion ; and although relief was 
not found in all instances, yet such was the per- 
centage of positive cures in some, and partial in 
others, that we feel safe in recommending this 
water to the profession as a remedy worthy of all 
confidence in many of the more severe forms of 
biliary disease. 

Diseases of the Bowels. — This remedy seemed 
to have some peculiar power in rectifying disor- 



38 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

ders of the bowels, possessing certainly a poten- 
cy in this respect seldom elsewhere seen. Such 
a case as the following will illustrate what is 
meant. An old gentleman arrived at the springs 
in a condition calculated to draw largely upon 
one's sympathies. For several years he had suf- 
fered with dyspejDsia of very grave character. 
Prominent among the symptoms was an obsti- 
nate constipation, which had resisted all treat- 
ment. Under this his system flagged, the secre- 
tions had become vitiated ; emaciation followed, 
accompanied by effusions into the cellular tissue 
and into the serous sacs of the chest. The effu- 
sions soon assumed a serious aspect, and became 
so troublesome as to make respiration painfully 
laborious. To keep at all comfortable he was 
compelled to resort, almost dail}^, to large doses 
of the most drastic cathartics, to reduce the accu- 
mulations of water, so as to render his breathing 
endurable. In his own language, he had had " to 
live on nauseous medicines." In this apparently 
hopeless condition he arrived at the springs. He 
did not expect to be cured ; but his great desire 
was, to be made comparatively comfortable, and 
to avoid, if possible, the use of drugs. After 
drinking the water for a few days with caution, 
there were evident indications of improvement, 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 39 

which soon became decided : it seemed to be ad- 
mirably adapted to his case, acting j)romptly 
and kindly upon him in every respect, and in 
time it imparted somewhat of tone and vigor to 
his system, — it corrected that obstinate constipation, 
that had resisted the influence of all drugs ; it 
stimulated the kidneys from a scanty to a free 
and copious discharge of healthy urine ; and ar- 
rested, for the time he was at the springs at least, 
the pleuritic and pericardiac effusions. It need 
hardly be here remarked, that the history of 
such a case as the above will do more to inspire 
the profession with confidence in the jwsitive me- 
dical virtues of this water than the most ingeni- 
ous speculations that could be made, or the most 
plausible theories that could be suggested by the 
most fertile brain. 

The remedy was no less promising, so far as 
our limited opportunities enabled us to observe, 
in hemorrhoids, cholera infantum, chronic diar- 
rhoea, etc. Two cases of that painful and trou- 
blesome disease, hemorrhoids,were treated by the 
remedy with advantage. Constipation, the most 
aggravating and the almost constant attendant 
upon piles, was soon relieved ; and, no sooner was 
relief apparent in this respect, than the disease 
manifested marked improvement. The water, 



40 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

by equalizing the circulation, by rectifying the 
congested state of the capillaries, produced a 
salutary change in the rectum. 

Affections of the Kidneys. — In these the sul- 
phur water should be prescribed with very great 
caution ; for while its influence in some will be 
decidedly beneficial, in others, by directly stimu- 
lating the kidneys, it will do much injury. Of 
this latter class may be mentioned Albuminuria 
and Bright's disease. A gentleman, who had 
been unadvisedly using this water, had an already 
large amount of albumen in his urine sensibly 
increased. He was, after his case had been diag- 
nosed, induced to relinquish the use of the sul- 
phur water, and resort to the chalybeate spring. 
He remained at the springs some two or three 
weeks, during which time the albuminous secretion 
had been diminished very greatly. But in chronic 
inflammation of the kidnej'^s, and in defective 
secretion, other than that already mentioned, 
the sulphur water may be prescribed confidently. 

In one case of deficient and vitiated secretion, 
dependent upon disorder of the stomach, and a 
consequent want of proper assimilation, the pow- 
ers of the agent were in a few days apparent, 
changing both the quality and quantity of the 
urine. 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 41 

Chronic Inflammations. — What we have said of 
the applicability of this water in chronic hepati- 
tis, nephritis, etc., may be affirmed of most chro- 
nic inflammations ; such, for instance, as that 
condition of the mucous membrane of the bowels 
found in diarrhoea of long standing ; that en- 
gorgement of the spleen in old cases of ague ; 
that affection of the synovial surfaces of the 
joints in persistent rheumatism. The modes by 
which these lesions are removed are to some ex- 
tent obscure, like similar questions arising from 
the action of many of our remedies ; but this 
much we may affirm, that it stimulates the ves- 
sels, supplies deficiencies in the salts of the flu- 
ids, absorption is promoted, and the functions of 
secretion and excretion are brought to a healthy 
standard. 

One severe case of chronic pericarditis, associ- 
ated with pain and a sense of weakness in the re- 
gion of the kidneys, was successfully treated dur- 
ing the summer. The person afflicted was nine- 
teen years of age, had been reared in the coun- 
try, and a general debility showed that his entire 
system was sympathizing with the difficulty about 
the heart ; which, being of long standing, and 
having proved invulnerable to all remedies, both 
he and his friends had well-nigh ceased to hope 



42 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

for relief. He drank some four or five glasses of 
the water every morning, and applied it to the 
surface in the form of warm sulphur baths. Af- 
ter remaining under this treatment for two 
months, all traces of the affection had disappear- 
ed, and he left the springs changed from a 
weak and feeble condition to one of robust 
health. 

Diseases of the Liings. — In these the sulj^hur 
water should be used with some care, and not 
until the case is satisfactorily diagnosed; for, 
while it is well adapted to some, in others its ten- 
dency will be pernicious. In congestion of the 
lungs, however, and of the bronchial tubes, where 
there is no excitement, it may be prescribed 
with good effect. Chest affections, depending on 
perverted nutrition, like the following case, may 
be improved, and the disease often held in check, 
if not cured. In this case there were great ema- 
ciation, pain in the left side of long standing, oc- 
casional attacks of ha3moptysis, associated with a 
derangement of the stomach amounting to well 
defined dyspepsia. The improvement of the pa- 
tient, who had an extremely delicate physique, 
will be sufficiently manifest by the fact, that un- 
der the influence of the water some fifteen pounds 
were gained in about twelve weeks. ;; 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINaS. 43 

Tiibercular Consimiytion. — The water in this 
disease, when once fully developed, does not 
promise well ; and the same may be said of scro- 
fulous diseases generally. 

Cutaneous Affections. — The well established re- 
putation of sulphur waters in these affections, 
and its direct tendency to and its stimulating 
effect upon the skin, would augur favorably of 
this water in surface disorders ; but no well mark- 
ed case continued its use long enough to tho- 
roughly test its remedial properties. 

Chlorosis. — A very serious case of this was 
brought to the springs, and in some eight weeks 
its morbid paleness, sharpness of feature, ner- 
vousness, palpitation and breathlessness, had 
given place to rotundity of form, cheerfulness of 
mind, vigor of body and a rosy-hued complexion. 
We may be enabled to explain such effects by 
looking to the efficacy of the agent in re-estab- 
lishing the broken-down functions of nutrition, 
as well as by the iron found in its composition ; 
but, as a general thing, such anaemic conditions 
v^ere most benefited by another spring — the 
Chalybeate. 

Rheumatism. — The sulpliur water is highly es- 
teemed by those who have resorted to it in earli- 
er years for rheumatism ; but the past summer 



44 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

furnished little by which its virtues in this re- 
spect could be computed. But applied in the 
form of hot, warm, and steam sulj^hur baths, with 
its internal use, we have no doubt but that it 
will sustain the reputation which such waters 
have long had in rheumatic and gouty affections. 
Broysies. — In speaking of the effect of the wa- 
ter upon diseases of the bowels, we referred to a 
case in which, under its use, effusions within the 
serous cavities of the chest were arrested. 
Some salutary changes were effected, also, in the 
only case of ascites which was at the springs 
during our stay ; but the subject of it only re- 
mained a week — a length of time not sufficient 
in which to receive any permanent advantage. 

THE WATER WITHOUT ITS GASES. 

There were cases observed during the season 
that were the most benefited by the water after 
being deprived of its gases. Fresh from the 
spring, in these instances, its influence was not 
salutary : the tongue became slightly furred, 
thirst unusual manifested itself, together with a 
sense of fulness about the head, — showing that 
the agent used was of too stimulating character. 
But in these cases it was gratifying to find that, 
from drinking the water after it had been stand- 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 45 

ing long enough to lose its gaseous properties, 
none of these unpleasant symptoms presented 
themselves. The non^gaseous water acted kind- 
ly, and in time produced effects peculiar to it 
when taken fresh from the fountain. To this 
course we were led by having before us the 
twenty years' observation of the venerable Dr. 
Moorman, who, in his work, devotes a chapter to 
the discussion of the "Relative Virtues of the 
Saline and Gaseous Contents of the White Sul- 
phur Water." In that chapter he shows that a 
judicious discrimination is essentially necessary 
in this respect ; that while most persons may 
take the water as it flows fresh from the spring, 
others should not drink it until after its gases 
have had time to escape. 

S03IE SUGGESTIONS AS TO BEST MANNER OF USING THE SULPHUR 

WATER. 

It would be well for all who visit the spas to 
remember that mineral waters, whether pleasant 
or unpleasant to the taste, are medicines, and as 
such should be treated. No rational person, 
who wants the eifect of a certain drug, would 
take it at all times, under all circumstances, or 
whenever he happened to be near it ; nor would 
he go upon the principle that the more taken the 
better, but he would take it accordina" to some 



4t) OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

specific rule, and with both caution and fidelity. 
This is not more true of ordinary drugs than it is of 
mineral waters. Yet there were many persons 
who resorted to the springs for the benefit of the 
water, who drank it without thought or system, 
in large quantities — in small quantities, at any and 
all hours — before and after meals — on getting up 
in the morning, and on going to bed at night ; 
and among those who used it in this reckless 
manner, not a single person is remembered who 
was essentially and permanently benefited. 
This, like mineral waters of its class, is an ex- 
tremely delicate agent, and requires much cau- 
tiousness in its application, that the system may 
be kept delicately sensitive to its influence ; an 
excessive use of such agents blunts this suscep- 
tibility, and renders them inert. 

To illustrate what is meant, we may remark, 
that those persons who drank large quantities 
were at first gratified with its purgative effects ; 
but, on continuing its use at all hours of the day, 
they were soon disappointed even in this respect ; 
while those who used it in small quantities, but 
irregularly also, were equally disappointed be- 
cause it did not produce at once some extraordin- 
ary change or constitutional revolution. On the 
contrary, those who drank the water judiciously, 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 47 

and thus kept tlieir systems sensitive to its im- 
pression, were always gratified with the result. 

It will be at once apparent, that in prescribing 
such a remedy, no definite rules can be given : 
we may suggest some general directions, yet mo- 
difications must be made to suit special cases, in 
reference to — 

The time of drinking, 

The quantity to he drank, — and 

The length of time its use should be continued. 

The Time of Drinking. — In the large majority 
of cases the water was used principally before 
the fast of the morning was broken. The pro- 
priety of resorting to the spring thus early will 
be readily appreciated — the stomach is empty, 
and having had the long rest of the night, it will 
be in better condition to receive and appropriate 
the remedy at this, than at any other time. 
A couple of glasses were usually directed to be 
taken before dinner — say at 12 m., if the person 
dined at two, and breakfasted at seven or eight 
o'clock, thus allowing sufficient time for the com- 
plete digestion of the morning meal. In a case 
of dyspepsia, the water was used at meals alone, 
and with the happiest result ; it seemed to agree 
best with the patient taken in this manner. But 



48 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

as a general rule the plan of using it at meals, 
with invalids especially, was not advantageous. 
Upon this subject Dr. Moorman says : " 'Now 
and then advantage is derived from using the 
water at meals, and sometimes a tolerance is es- 
tablished for it in this way which can not be 
achieved by any other." To persons in health 
at the springs these precautions, of course, are 
not necessary ; becoming very fond of the water, 
they often relish it keenly while eating, and, 
what IS very remarkable, with some it super- 
sedes, for the time being at least, their taste for 
coffee and tea. Could it destroy permanently 
the desire for these two questionable beverages, 
with many it "would be a consummation de- 
voutly to be wished." 

The following remarks from the work of Prof. 
John Bell, on "Mineral Springs," forcibly illus- 
trate the propriety of a careful selection of the 
hours at which to use mineral waters : "An inva- 
lid may drink a moderate quantity of the water 
before breakfast with comfort and advantage, 
but not be able to do the same before dinner 
with equally good ' effects. He may be able to 
take the water both before breakfast and dinner, 
and yet if he drink in the evening he will per- 
haps have a restless night, and be worse next 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 49 

morning than he had been twenty-four hours 
before." 

QUANTITY OF WATER USED DURING TWENTY-FOUR HOURS. 

No very definite rule could be laid down for 
the government of the patient in this respect : 
the efficient quantity depending upon the person, 
habits, age, sex, character of disease, etc. A 
gentleman, who was afflicted with congestion of 
the liver, accompanied by constipation and indi- 
gestion, was directed to use four or five glasses 
before breakfast, with an interval of twenty to 
thirty minutes between each glass. Under this 
quantity, in about two weeks his bowels became 
regular, his appetite good, and the clear hue im- 
parted to his skin indicated the relief which had 
been given to the liver. There were some who 
took not more than two glasses before breakfast, 
and the same number before dinner, with marked 
benefit. Again, there were others who required 
from six to ten glasses during the day to pro- 
duce the full alterative efi*ects requisite to a 
cure. 

One of the most reliable indications for moder- 
ating the quantity was an undue secretion of 
urine ; an alterative action being generally ob- 
tained by an amount which, while it increased 



50 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

the discharge of urine, did not stimulate the kid- 
neys to an unhealthy activity. Dr. Moorman, 
from whose work we have so liberally quoted, 
gives the history of a case full of instruction upon 
this point. It was that of a gentleman who had 
been under treatment for a " complicated stom- 
ach and neuralgic affection," and "had used the 
water twelve days, in small doses, with happy 
effect." "I did not see him," says Dr. M., "for 
two or three days, and then casually met him. 
I was astonished to find him greatly changed for 
the worse. His appetite, before good, had almost 
entirely ceased ; his system was irritable and 
feverish ; could not sleep at night ; and in every 
respect was sensibly worse ; had begun to despair, 
and proposed leaving for home, as he was ' satis- 
fied the water was not agreeing with him.' I 
accused him of impropriety in diet, or of other 
imprudences ; but he satisfied me that he had 
followed my directions in all 'such things,' — but 
he had so far varied from my advice in the use 
of the water as to take sixteen, instead of six 
glasses daily, for the last few days. I advised 
this gentleman, as I would all others who have 
committed a similar ' debauch ' on cold water, 
to discontinue its use entirely for a time — take 
some opening medicines, and then return to the 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 51 

use of it in rational doses. This plan was pur- 
sued by him, and with the happiest results." A 
case somewhat like the above, came under our 
notice during the season, reference to which is 
made under the head of diseases of the stomach. 
The subject of it was afflicted with a grave dis- 
order, involving both the stomach and nervous 
system, and for some two weeks after arriving at 
the springs he drank the water in large quanti- 
ties, and at irregular periods. At the end of this 
time, we found him fast growing out of conceit of 
the remedy. He had come to the conclusion that, 
instead of benefiting him, it had produced more 
or less excitement, and had made him restless. 
He was advised to lessen the quantity, and take 
what he did at definite hours. As long as he 
pursued this course he gained relief, and had an 
earnest of a permanent cure. 

The only way, however, to determine the effi- 
cient quantity is by intelligently noting its effects, 
by studying critically the case under its influence; 
by beginning thus cautiously, a few days enabled 
us to determine the matter. Again, the quantity 
will depend upon the efi'ect to be produced ; more 
being required to produce purgation than to pro- 
mote an alterative action ; less was necessary to 
act upon the kidneys than to stimulate the skin ; 



52 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

and although a few small doses daily, were 
found efficacious in chronic diarrhoea, yet large 
and frequent draughts were essential in some of 
the disorders of long standing. 

LENGTH OF TIME THE WATER SHOULD BE USED. 

The length of time which patients, to whom 
this water promises well, should continue under 
its influence, must of necessity vary greatly. 
Some were cured in four weeJcs ; others were com- 
pelled to use it for two months before being 
restored to health ; others obtained the same 
result in six weeks — and there were those who, 
afflicted with mild forms of disease, obtained the 
full effect of the remedy in two weeks. What 
we ordinarily call functional diseases were often 
promptly relieved in a few days. 

SULPHUR BATHS. 

The utility of baths in many forms of disease 
is well understood ; but we think we may claim 
for sulphur water more than ordinary excellence 
in this respect — when applied in the form of 
warm or hot laths its influence upon the skin 
being well marked, and well defined. The repu- 
tation of such waters in diseases of the skin pro- 
per has long been established ; but in this 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 53 

connection we desire to direct attention, more 
particularly, to the action of this water upon 
the skin, where it is suifering from a disorder of 
some of the principal organs of the body ; such as 
its dry, scabrous state, found in duodenal dyspep- 
sia ; or that husky, sallow complexion belonging 
to chronic hepatitis ; or that passive state of its 
capillaries in dropsy ; or that inactive condition 
left by the more grave forms of fever. Upon the 
skin, under such circumstances, the influence of 
the sulphur baths was singularly satisfactory, 
imparting tone to the entire surface, stimulating 
its vessels, bringing back its wonted softness, 
and re-establishing its natural hue. The influ- 
ence of such changes in this important tissue, in 
the treatment of diseases, need not here be in- 
sisted upon. 

THE CHALYBEATE SPRING. 

The water of this spring is beautifully clear 

and sparkling. 

Temperature, 56° Fahrenheit. 

The analysis shows it to contain iron in two 
forms : viz. — 

Sulphate of Iron, Oxide of Iron. 

It also contains — 

Carbonic acid gas. Carbonate of lime. 

Sulphate of magnesia, PotTassa, 

Chloride of calcium, Sulphate of lime. 

Iodine, Traces of organic matter. 



54 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPMNOS. 

This water, like all of its class, is essentially 
tonic, and as such was used in cases of debility, 
angemia, etc., with advantage. As an adjuvant 
to the sulphur it is of first importance. In sev- 
eral patients treated principally by the latter, 
there was great benefit deriA^ed from the bracing, 
invigorating influence of the chalybeate. Some 
cases, after having had an alterative eifect pro- 
duced by the white sulphur, were placed upon 
the chalybeate for the completion of the cure. 
Thus draughting upon two different waters in 
the treatment of certain forms of disease is a 
frequent custom in Germany, where a person, 
after remaining under the influence of an altera- 
tive water until his disordered and vitiated 
secretions are corrected, is sent to some distant 
spring, which, by its tonic powers, may invigor- 
ate his enfeebled system. Here such change 
may be made when necessary without much 
trouble, as the two springs of opposite qualities 
are upon the same estate, and distant from each 
other but a few hundred yards. 

Our opportunities for studying the effects of 
the chalybeate wafer, when employed by itself, 
were limited to a few cases ; hence, most of what 
we shall say of it will be merely suggestive. 
But, limited as were our observations, thev were 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 



55 



yet sufficient to justify us in recommending this 
to the profession as a first-class spring of the 
kind. The iron here is in better association than 
is usually seen in this country ; for in most places 
where limestone abounds — and it is almost every 
where throughout the West — the carbonate of 
lime found in chalybeate waters is so great as 
to render them as remedial agents completely 
worthless, if not positively hurtful. 

As an independent remedy, by imparting its 
iron and its various salts to the impoverished 
blood, it will be found peculiarly adapted to 
many of the diseases seen every year at 
watering-places ; such as anaemic conditions, 
chlorosis, the early stages of scrofula, amenor- 
rhoea, dysmenorrhoea, some of the lesions of the 
kidneys, etc. 

The gentleman heretofore spoken of, whose 
urine contained a large amount of albumen, and 
who was also suffering with a very severe sym- 
pathetic affection of the lungs — so severe, indeed, 
that it had been looked upon as the original dis- 
ease — derived great benefit from this water. 
After resorting to this spring for two weeks, the 
secretion of albumen was diminished one-half. 
A person afflicted Avith scrofulous disease, while 



56 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

resorting to this spring, increased in weight 
some fifteen pounds. 

THE MAGNESIAN SPRING. 

The water of this spring has a bitterish taste, 
resembling a dilute solution of Epsom salts. 

Temperature, 54° Fahrenheit. 

The analysis shows that with the 

Sulphate of Magnesia 

the following substances are associated : 

Chloride of calcium, Carbonate of lime. 

Oxide of iron, Iodine, small. 

Sulphate of lime, Potassa, small. 

Earthy phosphates, Traces of organic matter, 

Carbonic acid gas. 

This spring, it will be observed, resembles in 
its composition some of those that have long 
been esteemed for their remedial virtues ; but as 
an aperient only did we use it, and of its powers 
farther we can not speak. In this respect — that 
is, as a laxative — we employed it in some cases 
in connection with the White Sulphur, and in 
others it was associated with the Chalybeate. 
The evacuations produced by it were of good con- 
sistence, not watery like those following gener- 
ally the use of saline cathartics. 

The existence here of these three springs, the 



OHIO WHITE jSULPHUR SPRINUlS. 57 

White Sulphur, the Chalybeate, and the Magnesian, 
forms a combination of much promise; they will 
enable the physician to adopt either an evacuat- 
ing, tonic, or alterative plan of treatment. He 
may, in cases of great debility, combine the tonic 
and alterative ; or in an opposite condition, where 
there is too much excitement, he may replace the 
tonic by the aperient; and again, where he is 
using the Chalybeate, he may require the laxa- 
tive influence of the Magnesian. Dr. James 
Johnson, in his " Pilgrimage to the Spas, in pur- 
suit of Health and Kecreation," thus refers to a 
similar association of remedies : " It is often found 
to be beneficial to combine tonics, alteratives, and 
aperients in the same formula or prescription, in 
order that the three indications alluded to may 
be simultaneously accomplished. It is undeni- 
able, that some of the spas contain within them- 
selves this combination of chalybeates, aperients 
and alteratives, either of which ingredients can 
be increased at pleasure on the spot." 

THE SALINE CHALYBEATE SPRING. 

Temperature, 65° Fahrenheit. 

This spring, during the past season, was not 
resorted to, as it had not been improved, or 
brought into notice. It was. however, analyzed 



58 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

in JSTovember last, by Prof. Wayne, and found 
to contain — 

Sulphate of Lime, Oxide of Iron, 

Sulphate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Lime, 

Chloride of Calcium, Traces of Potash, 

Traces of Organic Matter. 

It will be seen by comparison that these 
springs resemble, in their composition — in the 
salts and gases which they contain — the far-famed 
Bedford Springs. At that celebrated watering- 
place, as here, there is a Sulphur, a Chalybeate, 
and a Saline Chalybeate. 

THE PURE-WATER SPRING. 

The remarkable purity of this water, although 
issuing from beneath a ledge of limestone, gives 
it claim to a passing notice here. The analysis, 
by Prof. Wayne, shows it to possess but a trifle, 
if any, more solid matter than is found in the 
water of the Ohio river. 



POSITIVE CUKATIVE VIRTUES OF MINERAL WATERS. 

It is said by the incredulous, and more espe- 
cially by those who have had no experience in 
their use, and those also who have neglected 
the literature of mineral springs (confessedly 
light in this country, but full and reliable in 
many of the States of Europe), that the recov- 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 59 

eries which occur at the spas are more to be 
attributed to fresh air, change of scenes, genial 
society, etc., than to any independent remedial 
virtues in the waters. JSTow, although much 
good may and does result from such surround- 
ings — and they are, without doubt, in many in- 
stances important adjuvants — yet it is certainly 
demonstrable, that these waters possess curative 
powers over and above such circumstances ; that 
these powers produce effects direct and positive, 
and that many cases are cured by them alone, 
without any such extraneous aids. 

There are, among those who have been bene- 
fited by resorting to springs, many who have 
had, when at home, all the advantages arising 
from cheerful company, beautiful scenery, and 
fresh air. There are those also who, instead of 
being amused and kept cheerful, are gloomy and 
low-spirited, while using the water — or, at least, 
until they perceive that it is benefiting them ; 
and, again, there are those who come from rural 
districts, from salubrious localities, and who have 
been surrounded with all the comforts of a pleas- 
ant country residence. The same may be said 
of its decided effects with persons confined to 
their rooms, which are often small and illy ven- 
tilated, — of merchants, who are restless, irritable 



(50 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

and anxious, on account of being away from their 
business affairs — and of the despairing hypo- 
chondriac, who, " despondent, dejected, misan- 
thropic, and fidgety," is ever tormenting himself 
"with hopeless imaginings, and gloomy forebod- 
ings. AVhen these waters exert a salutary influ- 
ence upon such as the foregoing, we may, without 
hypothesis, conclude that they are potent agents, 
and that they possess, •per se, efficient power for 
the eradication of diseases of grave character. 
Of mineral waters as curative agents. Dr. S. 
Hanbury Smith, a gentleman who has had 
extensive experience, and who is therefore quali- 
fied to estimate them properly, in his work on 
" Medicinal Mineral Waters, ^N'atural and Arti- 
ficial," writes thus : " That there is a large series 
of chronic diseases, and anomalous disordered con- 
ditions, best cured by the use of mineral waters, and 
a similar series often incurable by any otlier known 
means, is a postulate which wdll undoubtedly be 
granted by every practitioner of reputation 
throughout the whole continent of Europe. 
That, moreover, in another series of cases, mineral 
waters efficie^itly aidcyrdinary thera])eutiG measures, 
and that iii a fourth the effects ])roduced by their 
employment afford a valuable source of diagnosis, 
will be as readily granted. The well established 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 61 

facts, the long catalogue of observations recorded 
by competent observers, leave no room for dis- 
pute or cavil about the truth of these proposi- 
tions. After all, there is nothing more wonderful 
in the curative powers of the compound medicine 
called a mineral water, in those cases in which it 
is specially indicated, than there is in the admit- 
ted virtues of the time-tested compounds of the 
pharmacopoeia, when similarly administered. 
Carlsbad water is as much the best medicine in 
some cases, as sulphate of quinine is in others ; 
when all our ordinary chalybeates fail, the admin- 
istration of the same, or even a much smaller 
dose of iron, in some such combination as is 
afforded by Pyrmont or the Ferdinands-quelle 
of Marienbad, shall gladden us with its happy 
effects. In fact, in mineral waters Nature has 
presented us with an extensive range of prce^a- 
rata et composita, containing the same ingredients 
that we are daily prescribing, only compounded 
according to formulae of her own." Upon the 
same subject. Dr. Bell has said : " Nor do we 
find the cure of many diseases at watering-places, 
by drinking the waters, confined to those who 
have left the crowded city and its unwholesome 
air. The inhabitants of the country are often 
equally benefited by the same course of treat- 



62 OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

ment, although they can not be said to enjoy the 
additional advantages of change of air, and of 
rural scenes obtained by the other class. . . . 
On the other hand, the dull, unlettered clown, or 
the exacting logician and mathematician, will 
often come away cured of their dyspepsia, torpid 
liver, rheumatism, or long-endured cutaneous dis- 
ease, to whom society would be more irksome 
than agreeable." " Animals, moreover," remarks 
our author, "have been evidently cured of obsti- 
nate maladies by this means, without our being- 
able to divide the credit of the cure with countiy 
air, change of food, and pleasant company." 
The interesting case of disease of the serous 
envelop of the heart, mention of which is made 
under the head of Chronic Inflammations, is pecu- 
liarly significant in this connection, as illustrat- 
ing forcibly the inherent remedial powers of the 
sulphur water. The young man affected had 
been reared in the country, in a healthy region, 
and the change of his rural to that of spring life 
was far from being agreeable ; he was dilfident, 
lonely, avoided society, and it was only by the 
constant exertion of his friends that he was kept 
at the springs; and even after the water had 
made a favorable impression ujion his illness, he 
insisted upon returning home — and, in fact, until 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. ' 63 

the completion of his cure, he remained in the 
same dissatisfied and cheerless condition. Im- 
portant as are heartsome associations, a con- 
tented, and especially an agreeably occupied 
mind, in any plan of treatment, and much as 
such a mental state unquestionably facilitates in 
many instances the cure, yet here was a complete 
recovery from a severe and complicated illness, 
effected by the water alone, without any of these 
important adjuvants. 

MEDICATION DUEING THE USE OF THE WATEK. 

In many instances it was found best to antici- 
pate the use of the water by a simple cathartic, 
and there were some cases in which obstructions 
existed, which had to be removed before the 
water could have its entire efi^ects. Connected 
with a chronic inflammation was found a well- 
marked intermittent fever— this, of course, had 
to be treated by the usual remedy, and entirely 
removed, before the water could reach the ori- 
ginal lesion. 

Upon this subject. Dr. James Johnson, from 
whom we before quoted, says : " Thilenius, con- 
trary to the custom of most of the spa doctors, 
admits that, although the waters alone cure 
many disorders, yet in a great many cases appro- 



64 OHIO AVHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

priate medicines arc absolutely necessary. He 
contends however, and I believe with justice, 
that many diseases give way to the combination of 
the waters and medicines^ which resist the latter, if 
unaided by the former ^ 

Before concluding our paper, we can not 
refrain from offering a few suggestions to a class 
of persons who, although not strictly invalids, 
yet need annually the influence of such waters. 

It may be laid down as a general rule, that all 
business men, of close, laborious habits, and espe- 
cially those whose pursuits confine them within 
doors, have more or less disorder of the liver, 
and of the digestive organs generally. Each 
succeeding season of labor renders the recupera- 
tive powers of the system more and more feeble, 
until at last, without something is done to prevent 
the effect of these annual draughts upon vitality, 
what was mere disorder assumes the form of 
positive disease. To such, waters of this kind 
are peculiarly adapted, and from their judicious 
use more real benefit may be derived, in a pro- 
phylactic way, than from all the drugs that could 
be given. 

Many professional men, like the laborious 
merchant, bv hard work, sedentary habits, by 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 65 

neglecting to keep up a proper equilibrium 
between mental and physical labor — overworking 
the mind at the expense of the body — are over- 
taken by a similar train of ills, prominent among 
which stand incipient disorders of the liver, slight 
bronchial affections, occasional attacks of indi- 
gestion, frequent instances of defective action of 
the kidneys, and almost constant dryness of the 
skin : all harbingers of serious trouble, not far off 
in the future. Not feeling sufficiently indisposed 
to place himself under the care of his physician, 
yet conscious that he needs recreation, and some- 
thing to give tone to his worn system, and to 
re-invigorate his exhausted energies, that pro- 
fessional man will be fortunate who, in seeking 
a resort during the summer for a few weeks of 
rest, shall find also, at the same time, a remedial 
agent already prepared to his hand, admirably 
adapted to remove those premonitory symptoms 
of very grave disease. During the past season 
a number of facts, bearing upon the above, were 
observed by us. The judicious administration 
of these waters, but particularly the sulphur, 
imparted a degree of vigor and freshness in such 
persons, that was truly gratifying; they felt, 
as it were, rejuvenated, and that they had a 
firmer hold upon life. 



6Q OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

A third class, who will be saved from perma- 
nent and at last fatal disease, by a timely resort 
to mineral springs, includes those ladies, old, 
young, and middle aged, who have been living 
inactive lives, and such as have been indulging 
in irregularities in eating, sleeping, and in expos- 
ing themselves to cold and dampness, and who 
have produced by such habits an installment of 
the earlier indications of some of the diseases 
peculiar to females ; such as paleness, loss of 
appetite, debility, leucorrhoea, disorder of the 
menstrual functions, etc., etc. 

Finally, in all the walks of life, cases occur, 
where there seems to be no active disease, but 
where the person is troubled with languor, lassi- 
tude, paleness, general weakness, and an indis- 
position to exertion, however slight, whether of 
work or amusement — a condition this side of 
hypochondriasis, but bordering upon and tending 
toward it. Such a situation is as unpleasant, if 
not as painful, as well-marked disease ; but after 
the use of the sulphur water for a few days, the 
liver was excited to an active state, the dry skin 
was rendered moist and soft, the kidneys were 
aroused to an unusual secretion, the bowels were 
regulated, the appetite became imperative — in 
fact, the whole svf^tem was revolutionized, a keen 



OHIO WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. t)7 

relish took the place of indifference, and the 
individual returned to his business with new 
zest — with an enthusiasm akin to that felt in 
the earlier years of manhood. 

To such conditions of the body, mineral waters 
of the alterative class are singularly suited. One 
so afflicted might in vain resort to ordinary med- 
ication, but be speedily relieved by a remedy of 
" God's own composition " (as medicinal springs 
have been termed by Paracelsus) — reaching, as 
it does, the system in a state of perfect solution, 
it is absorbed, enters the blood-vessels, and by 
them is carried to every part, it reaches every 
tissue, every fiber, thus saturating, as it were, 
the entire organism. 

Favorable as seems this comparison to mineral 
water, it may yet not be considered partial, 
extravagant, or unsupported by facts. It is but 
a just tribute to that Wisdom which arranged 
and combined the ingredients of these waters, 
and to that Goodness which sent their crystal 
streams sparkling to the surface, to be within 
man's reach, to freshen and to purify him, and 
to tempt him from the shrine of Bacchus to that 
of Hygeia. 



APPENDIX. 



Jm^roucnn^nt.^ for tltn gear I8I§, at ih Mxk 
Wilnk Sulphur f jjrtncjs. 

The proprietors think that their accommodations are now such as to 
give entire satisfaction to the health and pleasure-seeking public, and 
are determined that nothing shall be left undone during the season to 
render guests comfortable, and to make their stay both agreeable and 
advantageous. 

Invalids may rely upon every facility being furnished them for the 

use of the water internally, aud for its application in the most approved 

forms of baths. 

Telegrapli Office. 

At the Ohio White Sulphur Springs a Telegraph Office has been ef>- 

tablished, which will be open during the season, thus enabling visitors 

to communicate with all parts of the United States. Business men, 

more especially, will recognise the great importance of such an 

arrangement. 

Buildings. 

The improvements of the Springs during the present year have been 
extensive, consisting in a large Hotel, new Cottages, Bowling Alleys, 
Bath Houses, Steam Laundry, etc., etc., more than doubling former 
accommodations. A new Hotel, more than 200 feet in length, has been 
erected, furnishing parlors, suites of rooms, dining-hall, reception room, 
etc. This hotel, for size, elegance and adaptation to the purposes, is 
seldom surpassed. The dining-hall is commodious and easy of access ; 
the reception room convenient, and the suites of rooms well an-anged 
for comfort and retirement. 

A Laroe Room for Evening Amusements has been provided. Sur- 
rounding this room, on three sides, is a tasteful porch, upon which open 
a number of bay windows, thus giving a complete ventilation ; a con- 
sideration of much importance, both as it resi)ects health and pleasure. 

By reference to the engraving, it will be seen that the row of cottages 
upon a line with the Mansion House and Hotel, has been extended to 
twice its former hingth, while a number of two story cottages have been 
erected upon the southern aspect of the lawn, on the border of the grove. 



APPENDIX. 69 

Batlis. 

New Bath Houses have been built, and the most admirable ar- 
rangements for bathing instituted. A method has been adopted 
by which the water is heated in the bath tub. Under the old system, 
the water being raised to a high heat in the boiler or tank, most of 
the saline matter which it contained was deposited ; but, with the 
present plan, heated by steam pipes in the bath *ub while the person is 
using it, the water is applied with all its mineral ingredients to the 
surface. 

Baths thus prepared resemble, as near as may be, those at Warm and 

Hot springs ; and there can be no doubt but that the plan will at once 

recommend itself to all, but more especially to the medical profession, 

who often feel the great necessity of proper and efficient bathing 

facilities. 

Steam Ziauudry, 

The frequent difficulties met with at watering-places in getting the 
large amount of washing done, has induced the proprietor to erect a 
building exclusively for a laundry, where, by the aid of steam and ma- 
chinery, the washing can be done with dispatch and without injury to 

the clothes. 

Bo-wling Alleys. 

The facilities for exercise and recreation have been much enlarged. 

In addition to the large Bowling Hall erected in 1858, another has been 

built near the river bank, which will afford room enough for all who 

may feel disposed to engage in such amusements. 

Grounds, LiaTvu, Grove, etc, 

■ During the past year additions have been made to the grounds, and 
they have also been greatly improved and beautified. The grove, con- 
taining near one hundred acres, one of the most beautiful in Ohio, has 
been been laid off handsomely into walks and drives. As a woodland 
retreat from the summer sun, this grove will present many inducements 
to those in quest of out-door exercise and amusement. 

The lawn, heretofore large and beautiful, has had, by a recent exten- 
sion, added to it a number of fine walks and large shade trees, which* 
with its five sparkling springs, tasteful buildings and varied surface 
challenges the admiration of all, and may be compared favorably with 
that belonging to any watering-place in the country. 

liivery Stable. 

A livery stable, well supplied with horses and carriages, is attached 
to the Springs. 

In addition to a drive two miles in length, which has been graded 
upon the estate, the country surrounding is varied and picturesque, and 
intersected with good roads for riding and driving. 



70 APPENDIX. 



By reference to the map it will be seen that the Ohio White Sulphur 
Springs are situated near the Ca])ital and center of the State, and within 
a triangle of railroads, the boundaries of which are made by the Cleve- 
land and Columbus R. R. from Columbus to Delaware ; by the Spring- 
field, Mt. Vernon & Pittsburg R. R. from Delaware to Milford Center ; 
and by the Columbus, Piqua & Indiana R. R. from Milford Center to 
Columbus. It will be seen therefore, that the Springs are closely con- 
nected with two of the great thoroughfares from the East to the West. 

The Springs have two Railroad Stations — one upon the Springfield, 
Mt. Vernon & Pittsburg R. R., and the other on the Columbus, Piqua & 
Indiana R. R. The former, Ohio White Sulphur Station, is 44 miles from 
Springfield, 5 miles from Delaware, and 5 miles from the Springs ; the 
latter, Pleasant Valley or Spmicjs Station, is 15 miles from Columbus 
and 10 miles from the Springs. 

The three Piailroads which thus surround the Springs, connect directly 
and indirectly with all the roads of Ohio and adjoining States, and in 
fact with all the great thoroughfares throughout the East and West ; 
thus making this watering-place easy of access to all portions of our 
country. When we remember the fact that most of the great Mineral 
Springs of the United States are far removed from railroads and inae- 
cessible by steam navigation, travelers in many instances having to ride 
from 40 to fiO miles over rough roads, — the admirable railroad relations 
of the Ohio White Sulphur Springs are a matter of satisfaction to the 
proprietor, while they must also be highly prized by all visitors. 

CINCIKNATI to Oliio AVliite Swlpliur Springs 135 Miles. 

Travelers may reach the Springs from Cincinnati, 
Via Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton R. R. to Springfield, thence by 
the Springfield, Mt. Vernon .t Pittsburg R. R. to the Ohio AVhite 
Sulphur Station ; or 
" Via Little Miami R.R. to Springfield, from Springfield, via Spring- 
field, Mt. Vernon'& Pittsburg R. R. to Ohio White Sulphur Station. 

COIiUMBUS to Oliio Wliite Siilpliur Spi-iHgs 18 Miles. 

There being a regular Omnibus Line established from Columbus, pass- 
engers can take an Omnibus or Carriage direct to the Springs; or 
if they prefer to go by railway they can do so, either 
Via the Columbus, Piqna i^t Indiana -R. R. to Pleasant Valley or 
>^priiigs Station ; or 



APPENDIX. 71 

Via the Cleveland & Columbus R. R. to Delaware, thence 5 miles to 
the 0. "W. S. Stan, on the Springfield, Mt. Vernon & Pittsburg R.R. 

DAYTON to Ohio "White Sulphur Springs 65 Miles. 

Via Mad River R. R. to Springfield, and via Springfield, Mt. Vernon 
& Pittsburg R. R. to Ohio White Sulphur Station. 

INDIANAPOLIS to Oliio White Swlpliiir Springs ....176 Miles. 

Via Indiana Central, Dayton & Western and Mad River Railroads, to 
Springfield, from Springfield, via S., Mt. V. & P. R. R. to 0. W. S. 
Station; or 

Via Bellefontaine & Indiana R. R. to Union, thence via Columbus, 
Piqua & Indiana R. R. to Pleasant Valley or Springs Station. 

PITTSBURG to Ohio White Sulphur Springs 337 Miles. 

Via Pittsburg, Columbus & Cincinnati R. R. to Columbus; or 
Via Pittsburg, Ft. AVayne & Chicago R. R. to Crestline, from Crest- 
line via Cleveland & Columbus R. R. to Delaware, and from Dela- 
ware to the Ohio White Sulphur Station. 

"WHEEIiING to Ohio White Sulphur Springs 174 Miles. 

Via Ohio Central Railroad to Columbus. 

CHICAGO to Ohio White Sulphxir Springs 350 Miles. 

Persons from Chicago and North-West will have a choice of routes to 
the Springs, either by way of Springfield, Urbana, Columbus or 
Delaware. 

ZANESV"IJ:.I.E to Ohlo "White Sulphur Springs 77 Miles. 

Via Central Ohio R. R. to Columbus, thence by Railroad or Omnibus. 

LEXINGTON, KY. to Ohio AVhite Sulphur Springs, 83 8 Miles. 

Via Kentucky Central R. R. to Cincinnati, thence as above, C, H. & 
D. R. R. or L. M. R. R. 

liOUISVILiLE So Ohio "White Sulphur Springs 365 Miles. 

Via Cincinnati or Indianapolis. 
ST. LOUIS to Oliio "White Sulphur Springs 436 Miles. 

Via Cincinnati or Indianapolis. 

DETROIT, MICH, to Ohio White Sulphur Springs, 337 Miles. 

Via Toledo, Sandusky or Cleveland. 

BUFFALO to Ohio White Sulphur Springs,.. 39G Miles. 

Via Cleveland and Delaware. 
LAFAYETTE, lA. to Ohio White Sulphur Springs, 340 Miles. 

Via Indianapolis & Union, to Pleasant Valley or Springs Station ; or 
Via Indianapolis, Dayton & Springfield, to Ohio AVhite Sulphur 
Station. 

TOLEDO to t>hio Wliite Sulphur Springs, 163 Miles. 

Via Plydf and Springfield, to tlie Ohio White Sulphur Stntion. 



72 APPENDIX. 

TERRE HAUTE, lA. to Ohio Wliite Siilpliur Springs, 

a49 Miles. 

Via Indianapolis & Union, to Pleasant Valley or Springs Station; or 
Via Indianapolis, Dayton & Springfield. 

SANDUSKY to Oliio Wliite Sulphur Springs, 170 Miles. 

Via Springfield to Oliio White Sulphur Station ; or 
Via Urbana, thence by Columbus, Piqua & Indiana R. R. 
STEUBENVILIiE, O. to OUio White Sulphur Springs, 

168 Miles. 

Via Columbus or Delaware. 

CLEVELAND to Oliio White Sulpliur Springs, 113 Miles, 

Via Cleveland & Columbus R. R. to Delaware, thence to Ohio White 
Sulphur Station. 

CHILiLICOTHE to Ohio White Sulphur Springs 63 Miles. 

Via Columbus by Coach, or via Marietta & Cincinnati and Little 
Miami Railroads to Springfield. 

MILES. 

NEW YORK, to Ohio White Sulphur Springs 680 

NEW ORLEANS, " " " 1565 

PHILADELPHIA, " " " -586 

BOSTON, " '" " 794 

BALTIMORE, " " " 544 

WASHINGTON CITY, " " " 566 

MEMPHIS, " " " 765 

CUMBERLAND, " " " 366 




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